Hazardous air pollutants in transmission pipeline natural gas: an analytic assessment
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Natural gas production occurs in specific regions of the US, after which it is processed and transported via an interconnected network high-pressure interstate pipelines. While presence hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) unprocessed, upstream natural has been documented, little published on their midstream supply. We systematically evaluated publicly available, industry-disclosed HAP composition data sourced from Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) infrastructure applications submitted between 2017 2020. these filings represent approximately 45% US onshore transmission system by pipeline mileage. Given that reporting not required FERC, only 49% approved expansion projects disclosed data. Of those data, concentrations were typically reported as higher for separator flash condensate tank vapor compared to liquefied transmission-grade gas, with mean benzene 1106, 7050, 77, 37 ppm respectively. also identified one operator reports real-time its at five interconnection points. Similar FERC applications, this benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes hydrogen sulfide present gas. Notably, mercury was detectable 14% measurements but any applications. releases during uncontrolled leaks loss containment events well routine operations (e.g. blowouts compressor station blowdowns), may serve a critical component quality health-focused evaluations releases.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Research Letters
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1748-9326']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9295